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DR. EMMANUEL FONTAINE

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[YOUTUBE] Feline Reproduction 101 Part III

Posted on March 25, 2016March 25, 2016 by dremmanuelfontaine

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My Recent Posts

Canine Brucellosis in the News ! (2019) May 28, 2019
[YOUTUBE] Fertility in Cats : More Complex Than One Might Think (2019) February 8, 2019
[BLOG] Canine Reproduction : What About Dual Sire Insemination ? (2019) February 5, 2019
[YOUTUBE] Canine Reproduction : When To Breed ? (2018) November 4, 2018
[BLOG] Canine Reproduction… Over Coffee ! Episodes 1-7 are here (2018) October 6, 2018

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When I graduated from veterinary school, here is what I remembered about pyometra : #1 it literally means "pus in the uterus" #2 In terms of treatment, spaying was the only alternative Fortunately, things have changed quite a bit since then : ▶︎ Wherever you live across the globe, medical treatments are available ; ▶︎ Up to 95% of the female dogs/cats treated will be cured ; ▶︎ Up to 80% of them will further be pregnant ; The numbers look amazing... and in practice, I can tell it does offer an interesting alternative to consider for cases for which we could not do surgery (because of an organic failure problem for instance); or for valuable breeding bitches/queens. I've been sharing these info for more than a decade now. And I keep receiving questions about this. My former boss used to say : "Teaching is Repeating". And I was so right on this ! Not only do we need to repeat the message... but we also need to share it as much as possible. Raising awareness is key here ! And if you have had a bitch/queen medically treated for pyometra, use the comment section below to share with the community your story 😃 I know I'm looking forward to reading it ! . . . . . . . #dogbreeding #dogsofinstagram #pet #breed #dogbreed #petsofinstagram #breeding #pets #akc #friends #dogs #tierfreund #ckc #vetmed #veterinary #petstagram #vetstudent #pets🐾 #nkc #ambull #americanbulldog #frenchbulldog #dogbaby #mygoodboy #dog #sharingknowledge

When I graduated from veterinary school, here is what I remembered about pyometra : #1 it literally means "pus in the uterus" #2 In terms of treatment, spaying was the only alternative Fortunately, things have changed quite a bit since then : ▶︎ Wherever you live across the globe, medical treatments are available ; ▶︎ Up to 95% of the female dogs/cats treated will be cured ; ▶︎ Up to 80% of them will further be pregnant ; The numbers look amazing... and in practice, I can tell it does offer an interesting alternative to consider for cases for which we could not do surgery (because of an organic failure problem for instance); or for valuable breeding bitches/queens. I've been sharing these info for more than a decade now. And I keep receiving questions about this. My former boss used to say : "Teaching is Repeating". And I was so right on this ! Not only do we need to repeat the message... but we also need to share it as much as possible. Raising awareness is key here ! And if you have had a bitch/queen medically treated for pyometra, use the comment section below to share with the community your story 😃 I know I'm looking forward to reading it ! . . . . . . #dogbreeding #dogsofinstagram #pet #breed #dogbreed #petsofinstagram #breeding #pets #akc #friends #dogs #tierfreund #ckc #vetmed #veterinary #petstagram #vetstudent #pets🐾 #nkc #ambull #americanbulldog #frenchbulldog #dogbaby #mygoodboy #dog #sharingknowledge

🤔 Puppy Strangle : What Does It Mean For The Reproductive Career ? 🤔 I was recently asked the following question : if a puppy develops puppy strangle (also known as "juvenile cellulitis"), what does it mean for its potential future reproductive career ? And should we still breed its parents ? Here are a couple of things you need to know here : ▶︎ The cause of the disease is still unknown... and there is no data to support a heritable cause ; as far as we know today, there is no genetic implication ; ▶︎ Affected puppies will recover, so the health prognosis is very good (even if scarring and hair loss in the regions that were the most affected are common) ; So no known genetic cause... and no long term clinical implication... Based on that therefore, puppies that have suffered from this problem could potentially be used for breeding... and there is no reason to date to remove their parents from the breeding program. Based on the data we have, that's the conclusion we can reach today. Would love to hear as well how you guys approach (or would approach) the problem on your end, so feel free to share your thoughts in the comment section below ! Looking forward to reading them 😃 . . . . . . . . . . #dogbreeding #dogsofinstagram #pet #breed #dogbreed #petsofinstagram #breeding #pets #akc #friends #dogs #tierfreund #ckc #vetmed #veterinary #petstagram #vetstudent #pets🐾 #nkc #ambull #americanbulldog #frenchbulldog #dogbaby #mygoodboy #dog #sharingknowledge

🤔 I was asked recently what my thoughts were on oral progesterone tests to determine the day of ovulation in canines 🤔 This is a technique I never used… but some of my colleagues did present on this a couple of years ago. And here are some key take-aways from their presentation 🙂 ▶︎ First, we can indeed assay progesterone by collecting the saliva. In humans and cows, it has been showed that salivary progesterone concentration is very similar to what we will find after blood collection ; ▶︎ In canines however, salivary collection might be rapid… but it is tricky. In the study that was done, it seemed like some bitches did not chew the collection material enough to allow proper sampling ; ▶︎ In this study, bitches with a blood progesterone level ranging from 0.2 to 33.8ng/mL had salivary progesterone ranging from 0.2… to 1ng/mL. Quite different… There might be something here as the authors wrote « further studies are needed to clarify whether or not salivary progesterone is clinical useful to monitor the canine reproductive cycle. » 🤔 So the jury is still out. If you guys have every used this technique, please feel free to share your thoughts in the comment section below ! . . . . #dogbreeding #dogsofinstagram #pet #breed #dogbreed #petsofinstagram #breeding #pets #akc #friends #dogs #tierfreund #ckc #vetmed #veterinary #petstagram #vetstudent #pets🐾 #nkc #ambull #americanbulldog #frenchbulldog #dogbaby #mygoodboy #dog #sharingknowledge

🤔 While natural birth is always a preferable option, there are times when we need to plan a C-section 🤔 ▶︎ The best way to do so is to know the exact day of ovulation : if we know when the bitch ovulated, we know when she is due… which makes it much easier to accurately plan when to perform the C-section so that the puppies are at term ; ▶︎ If we don’t have the day of ovulation… well things are a bit more complicated... - We can estimate the day of parturition by measuring under ultrasounds something we call the bi-parietal diameters of the fetuses ; those measures are injected into published equations that tell us approximately when the bitch is supposed to give birth ; - And when we get closer to the date, we start doing progesterone tests… progesterone will dramatically drop 24 hours before parturition... so when we observe this drop, we know we can do the C-section ; ▶︎ Key Take-Away here : if a C-section needs to be planned, always better to know the day of ovulation. Performing a timing using progesterone assays (=THE gold standard still) will give you this date; this is a key data you always want to have on hand when breeding dogs in my opinion. . . . . . . . . #dogbreeding #dogsofinstagram #pet #breed #dogbreed #petsofinstagram #breeding #pets #akc #friends #dogs #tierfreund #ckc #vetmed #veterinary #petstagram #vetstudent #pets🐾 #nkc #ambull #americanbulldog #frenchbulldog #dogbaby #mygoodboy #dog #sharingknowledge

🤔 How is Brucella canis transmitted ? 🤔 Here we are talking about a "mucosal transmission", which means that for contamination to occur, the pathogen has to be in contact with the mouth, the nose or the genital tract. Main routes of transmission are : ▶︎ Vaginal discharge (during the season, after an abortion) & semen : those are the most likely sources of infection ! ▶︎ Contact with aborted material ▶︎ Milk (although it might contain lower amounts of organisms) ▶︎ Through the placenta, during gestation ▶︎ Urine, feces, nasal/ocular secretions ▶︎ Contaminated fomites that have not been properly cleaned and disinfected We often think canine brucellosis is only a sexually transmitted disease... but you can see that actually, it is not only the case ! Knowing this, what do you think you need to do to better prevent this problem ? . . . . . . . . . . #dogbreeding #dogsofinstagram #pet #breed #dogbreed #petsofinstagram #breeding #pets #akc #friends #dogs #tierfreund #ckc #vetmed #veterinary #petstagram #vetstudent #pets🐾 #nkc #ambull #americanbulldog #frenchbulldog #dogbaby #mygoodboy #dog #sharingknowledge

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